Khan's army was riven with internal dissension due to its containing factions from the Khalji and Tughluq camps. The demise of Kakatiya dynasty resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime, before Musunuri Nayaks united the various Telugu clans and recovered Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate.[5]. [3] Their capital was Orugallu, now known as Warangal. A temple constructed by emperor Ganapati Deva, a mighty ruler of Kakatiya dynasty, in Dharanikota near present Andhra Pradesh capital Amaravathi has been converted into … [13] A 1978 book written by P.V.P. After the defeat of Pratapa Rudra, the Musunuri Nayaks united seventy two Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi sultanate and ruled for fifty years. Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party. Rudreswara Temple (Thousand pillars temple), Hanumakonda (18˚ 00’ 13.37” N and 79˚ 34’ 29.21” E), 3. The archaeological remains of Swayambhu temple complex and Keerthi Thoranas demonstrate both a creative masterpiece, and a continuity and transformation through interchange of cultural values for many years of Indian and Asian art history. The fall of the Kakatiya Kingdom in 1323, after being subject to seizes by the Tughlaq dynasty, led to a political vacuum in the Andhras.The Islamic conquerors failed to keep the region under effective control and constant infighting among themselves coupled with the martial abilities of the local Telugu warriors led to the loss of the entire region by 1347. He organised the building of a massive granite wall around the city, complete with ramps designed for ease of access to its ramparts from within. [4] Ganapati Deva (r. 1199–1262) significantly expanded Kakatiya lands during the 1230s and brought under Kakatiya control the Telugu-speaking lowland delta areas around the Godavari and Krishna rivers. The dramatically altered the possibilities for development in the sparsely populated dry areas. The Kakatiya Dynasty was one among the great dynasties of South India famous for their herioic kingship. [26][44] He significantly expanded Kakatiya lands during the 1230s when he launched a series of attacks outside the dynasty's traditional Telangana region and thus brought under Kakatiya control the Telugu-speaking lowland delta areas around the Godavari and Krishna rivers. Colonial British administrators found much that appealed to them in the latter works but the Kakatiya inscriptions of Andhra Pradesh, which depict a far wider range of society and events, suggest that the reality was far more fluid and very different from the idealised image. The initiative and a deviant path of experimentation of skill over dolerite by the Kakatiya sculptors continued to be used by subsequent Vijayanagara artists. However, no other evidence supports this tradition.[11]. Although occupation does appear to have been an important designator of social position, the inscriptions suggest that people were not bound to an occupation by birth. The six feet high monolithic Nandi is a sight to watch. [47] He is also known as Ganapathi Deva and, according to Sastry, reigned between 1199–1262; Sircar gives regnal dates of 1199–1260. This stands as a remarkable example of the link to establish textual renderings of Dance traditions and sculptural renderings in India. They are particularly abundant for the period 1175–1324 CE, which is the period when the dynasty most flourished and are a reflection of that. He was killed by unknown persons and died a martyr and his mausoleum, situated near Jama Masjid in Delhi, is called the `Shahid Sahab ki Mazar`. Although the Hindu mythological texts do not mention any such form of Durga, the worship of a goddess named Kakati is attested by several other sources. [31] The inscription suggests that an attack by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III forced the Vengi Chalukya king Amma II to flee his kingdom, after which Dānārnava (titled Vijayaditya) ruled the kingdom as a Rashtrakuta vassal. [23] The similarities of names mentioned in the Mangallu and Bayyaram inscriptions lists suggest that both of these refer to the same family:[34], Historian P.V.P. Shamsuddin Habib Allah was another great Sufi saint having a liberal attitude towards various religions. Charlu theorised that the Kakatiyas were a branch of the Telugu Cholas. [33], The Bayyaram tank inscription, which records the construction of Dharma-kirti-samudra tank by Ganapati's sister Mailama (or Mailamba), provides another genealogical list. [47], Mahadeva succeeded Prataparudra I as king, reigning probably from 1195 to 1199. [18] For example, the Motupalli inscription of Ganapati counts legendary solar dynasty kings such as Rama among the ancestors of Durjaya, the progenitor of the Kakatiya family. Prataparudra I, also known as Kakatiya Rudradeva, was … The brightest star in the galaxy of Deccan temples,” said Gulam Yazdani, an eminent scholar in Deccan history, referring to the architectural wonders of temples built during the Kakatiya dynasty. The link to Dance traditions of Kakatiyan empire and as documented in the Dance treatise Nritya Ratnavali by a military general Jayasenapati of the Kakatiyas is displayed in sculpture of Ramappa Temple . They recruited peasants into the military which resulted in a new warrior class and provided social mobility. The Thoranas demonstrate both a creative masterpiece, and a continuity and transformation through interchange of cultural values like that of Buddhist art traditions from 2nd Century BC to 11th Century AD. Kakatiya period also saw the construction of reservoirs for irrigation in the uplands called "tanks" many of which are still used today. 2) Rudreswara Temple (Thousand pillars temple), Hanumakonda: Rudreswara Temple locally known as Veyisthambala Gudi (Thousand pillars temple) is one of the fine and earliest available examples of of Kakatiya art, architecture and sculpture. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous carved pillars that have been positioned to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully and the exquisitely chiselled walls and ceiling are unique to the time of Kakatiyan sculptors and empire. Taking advantage of a revolution in Delhi that saw the Khalji dynasty removed and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq installed as sultan, Prataparudra again asserted his independence in 1320. The probability is that many inscriptions have been lost due to buildings falling into disuse and also the ravages of subsequent rulers, most notably the Muslim Mughal Empire in the Telangana region. The site of Swayambhu temple is an Archaeological site , requiring further exploration, as the total complex is yet to be reinterpreted for original link and layout with Warangal fort Town and other historical structures in and around fort. [7][b], The dynasty's name derives from the word "Kakati", which is variously thought to be the name of a goddess or a place. Siddesvara Charitra, a later literary work, states that the ancestors of the Kakatiya family lived at Kandarapura (identified with modern Kandhar in Maharashtra). They were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyana, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. Therefore, Sastry dismisses Charlu's theory as untenable. Once back home, the Prataparudra Caritamu says, he released the Padmanayakas from their allegiance to him and told them to become independent kings. The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. [21], The regnal years of the early members of the Kakatiya family are not certain. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was greatly referred in contemporary literature like Kridabhiramamu and also later by the famous traveller Marco Polo. Talbot notes that there is a record of a brother called Annamadeva and that: He is said to have left [Orugallu] for the northeast after anointing Prataparudra's son as king. For example, Vallabharaya's Krida-bhiramamu mentions an image of Kakatamma (Mother Kakati) in the Kakatiya capital Orugallu. [6] Most notable examples are the Thousand Pillar Temple in Hanamkonda, Ramappa Temple in Palampet, Warangal Fort, and Kota Gullu in Ghanpur. [74] The fall of the Kakatiya dynasty resulted in both political and cultural disarray because of both disparate resistance to the sultanate and dissension within it. Inscriptions are still being discovered today but governmental agencies tend to concentrate on recording those that are already known rather than searching for new examples. [38] According to Sastry, this corroborates the theory that the Kakatiyas were associated with the Rashtrakuta family. The rulers are children of their predecessors, unless otherwise specified. [43], The 1149 Sanigaram inscription of Prola II is the last known record of the Kakatiyas as vassals. Studies of the inscriptions and coinage by the historian Dineshchandra Sircar reveal that there was no contemporary standard spelling of the family name. [a] But after the successful siege of Warangal in 1310, Prataparudra II was forced to pay annual tribute to Delhi. [39] Historian P.V.P. There are richly carved pillars, perforated screens, exquisite icons; rock cut elephants and the monolithic dolerite Nandi as components of the temple. The temple is a fine specimen of architecture and sculpture with One thousand pillars implying that the temple has many pillars. A story in the Siddhesvara-charita states that Madhavavarman, an ancestor of the Kakatiyas, obtained military strength by the grace of goddess Padmakshi. [22] The inscription states that Erra's successor Gunda IV alias Pindi-Gunda (c. 955-995) beheaded all his enemies. [3], A notable trend during the dynastic period was the construction of reservoirs for irrigation in the uplands, around 5000 of which were built by warrior families subordinate to the Kakatiyas. Sastry theorizes that Betiya was the son of Eriya (alias Erra) and father of Gundyana (alias Pindi-Gunda), but may have become too insignificant to be mentioned by his descendants, because of a premature death or another reason. The Ramappa Temple, probably is the only temple in India known by the name of the sculptor who built it. It was built by Rudra Deva, and named after him as ‘Sri Rudreswara swamy temple with the presiding deity as Rudreswara, in 1163 AD in the style of later Chalukyan and early Kakatiyan Architecture, star shaped and triple shrined (Trikutalaya). Prataparudra celebrated the apparent victory by opening up his grain stores for public feasting. He notes that some chiefs of Rashtrakuta origin adopted the title "Viṭṭi-narayana", which means "as great as Narayana (Krishna) of the Vitti (Vrishni) family.
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