Thus, the government and many non-governmental institutions’ support and help shall make a significant difference in the better awareness and understanding of this topic. About 70% of the risk is believed to be inherited from a person’s parents with many genes usually involved. Scientifically, the specific causes of depression are not yet discovered; however, studies provide certain factors which seem to contribute in developing depression among individuals. She has a positive attitude towards herself and other people. Aside from emotional effects like depression, PD can still bring several complications once the condition becomes worse. Aside from these major cognitive abilities, the sensory register of a person is also being affected. Changes in Cognitive Function in Human Aging. This campaign may also disseminate information explaining why sudden and dramatic changes occur in this specific stage of human development. Menopause: She has no any problems with her menopause. This effort of different institutions is a great help which can finally change the bad impression about late adult development and causes depression and other psychological disorders to elders. Cerebral vascular disease can also reduce cognitive functioning. Talking to a doctor or to a counselor may ease the condition, but acting on one’s own and with the help of the immediate family and caretakers would be more helpful. Approximately 200,000 Americans under the age of 65 have younger-onset Alzheimer’s disease (also known as early-onset Alzheimer’s). The disease is also described to develop gradually which also causes a slowing and freezing movement to an individual. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2007. Religion: Teresa is not a strict Catholic, nevertheless she believes in God. Watch this video from SciShow Psych to learn about ways to keep the mind young and active. (Weiten, Lloyd, Dunn, Hammer), Erickson stated that during the young adult years an individual is exposed to” intimacy versus isolation crises”, during the middle adulthood he faces the “generatively versus stagnation stage”, during the late adulthood the crisis refer to “ego integrity versus despair”. Modification, adaptation, and original content. At present, Parkinson’s disease would be identified as a cognitive-related disease which starts with an unnoticeable shaking in just one hand (Mayo Clinic, 2008). Hence, this may cause some people to think that late adult cognitive development is a less interesting thing to study and deal with. On average, a person with Alzheimer’s lives four to eight years after diagnosis, but can live as long as 20 years, depending on other factors. However, these developments gave way for certain medications which slows down the process of Alzheimer’s, hence delaying the effects and complications of the disease. They also are able to maintain concentration for an extended period of time. Believing that this is just a phase and that this will eventually fade, some people would choose to ignore this condition. Delirium, also known as acute confusional state, is an organically caused decline from a previous baseline level of mental function that develops over a short period of time, typically hours to days. In this section, we wil, Aging may create small decrements in the sensitivity of the. Alzheimer’s patients vary in their capabilities depending on their self-care abilities (U.S. OTA, 1991). While living longer brings experience, it does not always bring wisdom. Section 2 Introduction - This chapter describes the typical cognitive gains and losses that occur in late adulthood. Approximately 200,000 Americans under the age of 65 have younger-onset Alzheimer’s disease (also known as early-onset Alzheimer’s).[7]. Dementia is the umbrella category use to describe the general long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that affects a person’s daily functioning.The manual used to help classify and diagnose mental disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-V, classifies dementia as “major neurocognitive disorder, with milder symptoms classified as “mild cognitive impairment,” although the term dementia is still in common use. Growth and Development. In general, older adults are not impaired on tasks that test sustained attention, such as watching a screen for an infrequent beep or symbol. This may be because this stage cannot even be considered as a stage where development takes place. He argued that working memory depends to a large degree on the pre-frontal cortex, which deteriorates more than other brain regions as we grow old. Teresa’s past life impacts her in a very positive way. In fact, it may be that the information was never seen or heard. She is happy to be of service to them. Such accidents may put them in serious situations due to head injuries, internal bleedings, or even prolonged immobilization (Mayo Clinic, 2007a). Among those requiring critical care, delirium is a risk for death within the next year. Many of the laboratory memory tests require comparing the performance of older and younger adults on timed memory tests in which older adults do not perform as well. McDowd JM, Shaw RJ. What you’ll learn to do: explain cognitive development in late adulthood. This period marked the aging process, partly because of the inability of body cells to function normally, or create new cells for those who already live or replace defective products. A number of individuals, who live up to late adulthood are usually contented and happy because of their achievements and contributions to life. Therefore, working memory tends to be cluttered with irrelevant contents which reduce the effective capacity for relevant content. Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease will also be discussed in this chapter. Retrieved from. The main change associated with growing old is cognitive decline, specifically the failure of memory. This makes it more difficult to concentrate on more than one thing at a time or to remember details of an event. Non-governmental organizations or private institutions may also provide funding and monetary support for these campaigns. Make sure that your printout includes all content from the page. A person’s consciousness is usually not affected. There are also certain things that elders fear about growing old such as uselessness and burdensomeness which causes even more psychological torture to them. Figure 1. Prolonged depression may even impair relationships, and may get in the way of doing daily tasks and activities. Wisdom is the ability to use common sense and good judgment in making decisions. Aging is a part of life, and with it comes changes in every area of living. The government, having its powerful ability to influence the people, may spearhead a national information campaign about the nature of late adulthood development. There are several categories of changes that a senior citizen may experience during this stage. Late adulthood is known as a term which describes the period in life of a person starting from ages sixty five – seventy and ending in his death. Retrieved November 4, 2008 from http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-19940901-000027.html. The greatest known risk factor is increasing age, and the majority of people with Alzheimer’s are 65 and older. (Santrock), Teresa is an old person who understands that she has got a long life but at the age of 80 she is satisfied with her life and is not in despair. The assumption of an inhibition deficit in old age has received much empirical support but, so far, it is not clear whether the decline in inhibitory ability fully explains the decline of working-memory capacity. Adult and Child. However, these emotional conditions can be very common among normal adults such as feeling sad, lonely, worried, and bored, since these people are those who are usually facing retirement or are coping with a death of a loved one (NIA, 2006). The patients can sometimes acquire pneumonia because of unintended inhalation of some food particles and substances that they drink. Research has shown that divided attention impairments are significantly associated with increased automobile accidents in older adults [4] Therefore, practice and extended training on driving simulators under divided attention conditions may be an important remedial activity for older people.[5]. Knowing that this topic is important in the lives of the people, it may go to show that this topic also plays an important part in the society as a whole. Sorry, but copying text is forbidden on this website. Adult and Child. The experience of aging definitely causes emotional traumas (Scrutton, 1999). This theory assumes a general deficit in old age in the ability to inhibit irrelevant, or no-longer relevant, information. Cognitive aging and everyday life. Alzheimer’s is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. As more people are living longer, dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole. You can view samples of our professional work here. In: Riddle DR, editor. Alzheimer's Association. Aside from these, the patients are also prone to falls, thus, they are also prone to the complications of such accidents. Among older adults, delirium occurs in 15-53% of post-surgical patients, 70-87% of those in the ICU, and up to 60% of those in nursing homes or post-acute care settings. (1991). The tasks on which older adults show impairments tend to be those that require flexible control of attention, a cognitive function associated with the frontal lobes. Psychology Today. However, it poses a huge significance in the lives of people in the society since it explains what goes on in this specific stage of human development. This problem has been proven a psychologically based cognitive and behavioral deterioration (Cantu, 2003). Learning to Love Growing Old. Introduction to Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood. Family Support: Teresa has good relations with her family. She prefer to go the the theater movie and to discuss politics with her friends. They are also less likely than younger adults to delay making decisions on important matters such as medical care (Strough et al., 2003; Meegan & Berg, 2002). Just like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s is also progressive. Delirium may manifest from a baseline of existing mental illness, baseline intellectual disability, or dementia, without being due to any of these problems. (she was gay, she does not have children). Social-economic Status: Middle high Class.

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