Humanities Business Law Generally the product of this reaction is a salt and water. Computer & Information Technology Anything that has mass and takes up space; made of atoms, Basic unit of matter which cannot be broken down and contain mostly empty space; contains three parts: the electron, proton, and neutron, A pure substance that contains only one type of atom, Two or more elements that are chemically bonded; includes ionic and covalent, Two or more substances that are together but not bonded, Substance that contains only one kind of compound, The state of matter with the lowest energy; basically a very cold solid, The state of matter with the highest energy; it uses ionization instead of bonds, First to define an element; any substance is a substance unless it can be broken down, Used and combined previous ideas to discuss the atom; elements are made of atoms; all atoms of an element are identical; atoms of different elements are different; law of constant composition; atoms are invisible, Atoms of one element can combine with other elements to form compounds; a given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms, Discovered electrons and protons and developed the plum pudding model of an atom, The negatively charged particle in an atom; circles around the nucleus in the electron cloud, The positively charged particle in an atom; located in the nucleus; determine the element, The neutral particle in an atom; it has no charge and is located in the nucleus, A model of the atom that depicts a sphere of positive charge with electrons scattered throughout, Conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at gold foil; roved there was a small, dense nucleus with a positive charge and that protons are positive, Elements located on the left side of the periodic table that want to lose electrons, The ability to allow heat or electricity to pass through an object, Elements located on the right side of the periodic table that want to gain electrons, Elements placed in a stair-step line between metals and nonmetals; they have characteristics of both, Elements that occur in pairs in their natural state; hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, The ability of a molecule to attract electrons to it; increases as you move left to right in the table and decreases as you move top to bottom; fluorine is the hardest, The radius of an atom; decreases as you move left to right and increases as you move top to bottom, The energy needed to rip off an electron; increases as you move left to right and decreases as you move top to bottom, An atom that has gained or lost electrons, An atom that gains electrons and has a negative charge; nonmetals, An atom that looses electrons and has a positive charge; metals, An atom that has changed its number of neutrons, A unique number to each element that tells the number of protons and the number of electrons if the atom is neutral, A number that tells the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, A nucleus that spontaneously decomposes, forming a different nucleus and producing one or more particles; alpha, beta, and gamma ray, One type of radioactive particle; it is a essentially a helium nucleus; when this type of particle is released, the mass of the atom is conserved and so is the atomic number, One type of radioactive particle; it is essentially an electron; when this type of particle is released, the atomic mass is conserved and the atomic number gains one (a neutron is changed to a proton), One type of radioactive particle; it is a high energy photon of light and is used to release excess energy; the atom is not changed at all, The time required for half of the original sample of nuclei to decay; each radioactive nucleus of the same element has the same half-life; the shorter the half-life, the more likely a nucleus will decay, Elements exist naturally in different isotopes, to the atomic mass listed on the table is an average.

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